【防疫英文】「潛伏期、確診病例、隔離」英文怎麼說?

Submitted by test on Thu, 02/04/2021 - 14:18

防控疫情,隔离工作至关重要,那么“隔离”到底该怎么说呢?不少人目前的状态就是待在家中,英文我们可以说 stay at home,例如:They are staying at home as much as possible. (他们尽可能地待在家中。)

而真正说到“隔离”,英文对应的是quarantine这个词,“居家医学观察”则可以说medical observation at home。

“自我隔离”也就是quarantine oneself,例如:If you've taken a train or flight recently, you’d better check it out to see whether you need to quarantine yourself.(如果你近期坐过火车或飞机,最好检查一下看是否需要自我隔离。)

此外,be put in quarantine或者(place somebody, be) under quarantine 表示“被隔离”,be released from quarantine 则指的是“解除隔离”。

Isolate也可以指“使……隔离”,所以“保持隔离状态”就是stay in isolation。我们还可以用isolate oneself表示“自我隔离”。例如:Many cities outside Hubei have also asked all returnees to isolate themselves for 14 days at home. (湖北以外的很多城市都要求返程者在家隔离14天。)

“想不起”英文又能怎么说呢?

1. Go blank
脑子里一片空白,说明什么也想不起来了。
例:My mind went totally blank.

2. On the tip of my tongue
就在舌头尖上,也就是就在嘴边上的意思。你是不是也有过这样的经历?明明知道就是想不起来。

例:I had the answer on the tip of my tongue, but couldn't think of it in time. 
答案就在嘴边,我就是想不起来。
3. Escape
除了表示“逃跑”、“逃走”,它还可以指“被忘掉”。

例:His name escapes me.
他的名字,我想不起来了。

4. Doesn’t ring a bell
Ring a bell可以指使某人回忆起,听起来很耳熟。那么,否定形式的意思就是“想不起”。

例:Seeing you last week doesn’t ring a bell.
上周见你,想不起来了。

防疫必備英文
1. novel coronavirus 新型冠狀病毒

Coronavirus 是由表示 crown(王冠)的拉丁字根 corona- 和 virus(病毒)組合而成,意思是「冠狀病毒」,novel 則是形容詞「新的」,兩者合在一起用來表示「新型冠狀病毒」。例如:

The 2019 novel coronavirus, or the so-called “Wuhan pneumonia,” was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019.(2019 新型冠狀病毒,或所謂的「武漢肺炎」,最早在 2019 年 12 月於中國武漢發現。)

※ 其中,pneumonia 是「肺炎」的意思。

※ 世界衛生組織於 2020 年 2 月 12 日將此病毒引起的疾病命名為 COVID-19,其中,CO 指 corona(冠狀),VI 指 virus(病毒),D 指 disease(疾病)。

2. outbreak 爆發

要表示某事「突然爆發」,我們可以說 break out。outbreak 則是它的名詞,指「(疾病)爆發、突然發生」。例如:

The novel coronavirus outbreak has drawn increased international attention as the virus quickly spreads across the world.(隨著病毒迅速蔓延至全世界,新型冠狀病毒爆發的疫情也在國際上受到更多關注。)

3. confirmed case 確診病例

Confirmed 是形容詞「被確認的」,case 則是名詞「病例」,合在一起自然就是指「確診病例」囉!例如:

As of today, over 40,000 confirmed cases have been reported worldwide, and the global death toll has topped 900.(截至今日,全世界有超過四萬個確診病例,全球死亡人數超過九百人。)

4. transmission / spread 傳播、蔓延

Transmission 是動詞 transmit 的名詞,指「傳播、傳染」;spread 則是「蔓延、擴散」,可以作為名詞或動詞。兩者都可以用來表示病毒或疾病的「傳播、蔓延」。例如:

Last Tuesday, Taiwan reported its first case of domestic person-to-person transmission.(上週二,臺灣通報了第一起境內人傳人的病例。)

5. droplet 飛沫

Droplet 是名詞「小滴」的意思,也可以用來表示我們常說的「飛沫」。例如:

This brand-new virus can be transmitted between humans through droplets and contact.(這個新型病毒可以在人跟人之間藉由飛沫和接觸傳染。)

6. symptom 症狀

而要表示「...的症狀」,會搭配介係詞 of 寫成 symptom of...。例如:

People infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus may have mild to severe respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath.(感染 2019 新型冠狀病毒的人可能會有輕微至嚴重的呼吸道疾病,出現發燒、咳嗽、呼吸急促的症狀。)

7. incubation period 潛伏期

Incubate 是動詞,指「(細菌或病毒在體內)潛伏」,incubation 則是它的名詞,指「潛伏、潛伏期」,period 則是「期間」的意思,合在一起就是「潛伏期」的意思囉!例如:

It’s said that the virus is infectious during its incubation period.(據說病毒在潛伏期就具有感染力。)

8. contract / catch / be infected with 感染、患上

Contract 是動詞「感染、患上」的意思,這是比較正式的用詞,一般也可以用 catch 來表示相同意思,後面直接加上疾病名稱。例如:

People who contract / catch the coronavirus might spread the disease before symptoms show.(感染這冠狀病毒的人在症狀出現之前可能就會傳染疾病。)

除了「contract / catch + 疾病名稱」 ,我們也可以用「be infected with + 疾病名稱」來表示「感染...疾病」;infect 是動詞「使...感染」的意思。例如:

If you want to reduce your risk of being infected with this disease, wear a surgical mask when you go to crowded public spaces.(如果你想降低感染這疾病的風險,去擁擠的公共空間時就要戴個醫用口罩。)

9. isolation 隔離 / quarantine (隔離)檢疫

這兩個詞雖然都有「隔離」的意味在,但含意有些不同,isolation 指的是「將已經患病的人跟健康的人隔離開來,避免傳染疾病」;quarantine 則是「隔開或限制可能與患者接觸的人的行為,看看他們是否有被傳染」。

Governments are implementing measures such as isolation and quarantine to contain the coronavirus.(政府實施隔離和檢疫的措施來控制冠狀病毒疫情。)

10. precaution 預防、預防措施

常搭配動詞 take,表示「採取」預防措施。例如:

We could take precautions to prevent infection, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding touching eyes, nose or mouth.(我們可以採取預防措施來避免感染,像是勤洗手,避免碰觸眼睛、口鼻。)

看完今天的專欄,下次再聽到「潛伏期、確診病例...等」與疫情相關的詞彙時,相信就知道該如何表達囉!

Social Distancing 社交距離
Canceling events that are likely to draw crowds is an example of social distancing. Social distancing is deliberately increasing the physical space between people to avoid spreading illness. Staying at least six feet away from other people lessens your chances of catching COVID-19.(取消有可能吸引大量人潮的活動是社交距離的一個例子。社交距離即是刻意地增加人與人之間的實際距離,以便避免散播疾病。與他人保持至少6英尺的距離可減少感染新冠肺炎的機率。)

◎distance(v.)保持距離
這裡distance作為動詞使用,意指「保持距離」,也可作為名詞,如keep a distance,兩者差異是詞性不同。distant則是形容詞,意指「距離遙遠的」;還有個同義詞是remote,最近因應疫情流行的遠距教學/工作英文表達便是remote education/work,但不可用distant替換。

◎deliberately(adv.)故意地;刻意地
這個單字通常用於負面的語意表達。不過在a deliberate decision這個片語中,則有「審慎的」、「沈穩的」意思。此外deliberate也可當動詞用,表示「審慎考慮」、「仔細討論」,如:

The committee has deliberated the question at great length.(委員會已經仔細討論過這個問題了。)

名詞型態則為deliberation,有「考慮」、「討論」之意。

◎lessen(v.)減少
這是less(較少)的動詞變化,less則是little這個形容詞的比較級,注意後面須接不可數名詞;相對的few-fewer要接可數名詞。同義詞有decrease(減少)。注意其發音和lesson(課程)相同,可從前後文判斷。

Self-quarantine 自我隔離
People who have been exposed to the new coronavirus and who are at risk for coming down with COVID-19 might practice self-quarantine. Health experts recommend that self-quarantine lasts 14 days. Two weeks provides enough time for them to know whether or not they will become ill and be contagious to other people. (曾接觸過新冠病毒、以及有感染風險的人可能需要自我隔離。健康專家建議他們自我隔離14天。2週讓當事者有足夠的時間來判斷他們是否會生病,或對他人有沒有感染風險。)

◎expose(v.)暴露
這裡的用法是被動態be exposed to-「暴露在⋯⋯(環境)下」,主動態通常用法為expose oneself to-,如:

Don't expose yourself to the coronavirus.(不要暴露在有新冠病毒的環境之下。)

名詞是exposure,介系詞與動詞相同都是to。另外也有「曝光(消息)」、「揭露(訊息)」的意思;而若直接將expose作為名詞使用,則是代表「令人震驚的曝光報導」。

◎quarantine(n.)隔離
可作為動詞和名詞使用,如:

The horse had to spend several months in quarantine when it reached Britain.(那匹馬到達英國後要進行幾個月的隔離檢疫。)

注意介系詞要用in,表示「在隔離情況下」的意思。形容詞為quarantined,相反詞則是unquarantined。另一個形容詞quarantinable則是「可隔離的」。

◎contagious(adj.)會(接觸)感染的;有感染力的
名詞變化是contagion。「-ous」是常見的形容詞字尾,如dangerous(危險的)、infectious(有感染力的)等。contagious和infectious的差別在於前者強調「接觸性的感染」,英文解釋為「communicable by contact」;而後者則不一定限定於接觸感染,英文解釋為「a disease involving a microorganism that can be transmitted from one person to another only by a specific kind of contact」,可指藉由微生物傳染的疾病。

【多益模擬試題】
December 7, 2010/09/28
Global Magazine
385 Queens Ave.

To whom it may concern

I am writing to inform you that I would like to cancel my ____1.____ to Global Magazine effective on the next year issue. Although I would like to continue the subscription, I don't have much time to enjoy the magazine.

I would appreciate if you could please refund ____2.____ is left on my payment, if possible. Is there any procedure I have to take for a refund?

I would also appreciate if you can give me a written ____3.____ about my cancellation of your Global magazine. If you have any questions about this matter, please let me know.

Sincerely Yours,
Nancy Brown

1.
(A) verification
(B) subscription
(C) contribution
(D) collision

2.
(A) in which
(B) that
(C) which
(D) whatever

3.
(A) confirmation
(B) accusation
(C) appointment
(D) claim

解析:
1. 正解為(B)。題意為「I am writing to inform you that I would like to cancel my ______ to Global Magazine effective on the next year issue.」(我寫這封信是想要告訴您,我希望在下期取消《全球雜誌》的______。)從信開頭的收件者Global Magazine可以看出寫信者的對象是一間雜誌社, issue則可以指雜誌的一期,而(A)意為「驗證」,(C)意為「捐獻」,(D)意為「碰撞」,因此判斷空格應選(B)「訂閱」。

2. 正解為(D)。題意「I would appreciate if you could please refund ______ is left on my payment」(如果您能退回______我帳目上的餘額,我將會非常感激。)空格要選適合的關係代名詞,寫信者希望對方能將帳目上剩下的所有款項全部退還,因此(D) whatever「任何剩下的款項」是較合理的選項。

3. 正解為(A)。題意「I would also appreciate if you can give me a written ______ about my cancellation of your Global magazine」如果你能提供一份手寫的______載明我已取消訂閱《全球雜誌》,我也會不勝感激。)接在written後面,(B)為「指控」,(C)為「任命」,(D)為「索賠」,最合理的答案應該是(A)「確認書;證明書」。

Article type